Development And Evaluation Of A Dispersive Liquid Environmental Sciences Essay

It has been built up a little scope, straightforward, and quick diffusing fluid microextraction ( DLLME ) process in blend with fiber optic-direct cluster detecting spectrophotometry ( FO-LADS ) with charge-coupled gadget ( CCD ) sensor benefitting from a miniaturized scale cell. The official notice strategies ( ASTM D2330 †02, ISO 7875-1 ) which require exhausting processs were supplanted with adjusted technique, as a result, it has accomplished a significant reduction in test size, riddance of the utilization of costly glasswork, and a diminishing in the proportion of trichloromethane utilized each piece great as substantially more expansion in affectability. Our introduced technique requires simply one twentieth of test ( 5.0 milliliter ) , short of what one three-hundredth of microextraction dissolver ( chloroform = 138 A µL ) , and much diminished in logical clasp contrasted and official diagnostic strategies ( short of what one moment ) . The normalization bend was added substance in the extent of 0.06 A-10-1 †0.8 A-10-1 milligram La?’1 of Na dodecyl sulfate ( SDS ) with a correlativity coefficient ( R ) of better than 0.99 and the LOD was 0.02 A-10-1 milligram La?’1. The repeatability of the proposed strategy ( n=7 ) were seen as 4.5 and 3.6 % for the convergence of 0.03 and 0.07 milligram La?’1, severally. The enhancement factor was seen as 75 for SDS. Watchwords: Diffusing fluid microextraction Aâ · Water investigation Aâ · Methylene blue dynamic substance Aâ · Anionic wetting specialist Aâ · Fiber optic-straight exhibit detecting spectrophotometry1. IntroductionA turning open worry over securing our condition commit scientific experts, including systematic physicists, to modify their exercises in such a way, that they will be led in an earth inviting mode. Inspecting, and especially test preparing, regularly includes coevals of large aggregates of poisons. This is the reason test preparing strategies that utilization a little whole of natural dissolver, or none by any stretch of the imagination, have been created [ 1-4 ] . Anionic wetting specialists ( AS ) are generally utilized in family cleaners, modern cleansers and ornamental arrangements. The wetting operators ousted to common H2O repositories as city and mechanical squanders are acceptable known to hold ominous consequences for sea-going creatures ; thus the observing of wetting specialists in ecological examples is vital [ 5, 6 ] . For the estimating of whole surfactant fixation, titration techniques have been widely investigated [ 7, 8 ] . A few particle particular anodes touchy to anionic wetting specialists have been accounted for so far [ 9-11 ] . Anionic wetting specialists are typically dictated by spectrophotometric strategies using methylene blue ( MB ) , this standard techniques being utilized to discover AS in the surface and faucet water tests ( ASTM D2330 †02, ISO 7875-1 ) [ 12, 13 ] . The strategy depends on the development of blue-hued trichloromethane extractible particle pair between the AS and the cationic MB. This requires three successive extractions of AS-MB content in 100 milliliter of test with 15, 10, and 10 milliliter of trichloromethane. The particle pair is dictated by spectrophotometry, mensurating the optical thickness at 650 nanometer. Be that as it may, these official techniques are non only long and exhausting however alongside require extraordinary proportions of test and trichloromethane which has unsafe result on scientific experts and condition. Moreover, this technique needs cluster of exploration lab glasswork, do these activities profoundly costly and awkward for the administrator. So it appears to be important to look for new proposals as choices for the aforementioned technique so as to expand the research facility productiveness, administrator security, comfort, and to chop down definitely the reagents ingestion and waste creation. Koga et Al. proposed a reduction of the size of test utilized for AS finding in H2O, being adjusted this technique to use 50 milliliter of H2O and 5 milliliter trichloromethane, holding acquired a six times expansion of the exploration lab productiveness [ 14 ] . An other disentangled strategies that chop down the proportions of reagent by using a specific kind of adsorbent have been proposed [ 15 ] . Notwithstanding, this strategy other than includes exhausting processs. Other than other exploration laborers considered essential biodegradation of AS in aerophilic demonstrating preliminaries dependent on the development of particle pair of AS and MB [ 16 ] . By mid 2006, Assadi and his exploration bunch improved an alluring, high open introduction and incredible fluid stage microextraction ( LPME ) strategy which named their strategies â€Å" Diffusing fluid microextraction † ( DLLME ) [ 17-19 ] . Past the quality of straightforwardness of activity and celerity, ingestion of microextraction dissolver at the small scale level volume and similarity with systematic instruments are other gainful attributes of DLLME as an example pretreatment strategy [ 20-25 ] For very touchy, exact, quick, and modest estimating with ingestion of extraction dissolver at miniaturized scale level volume, we propose a disentanglement of the spectrophotometric MB strategy that can be utile for discovering anionic wetting operators in watery examples. A sequential DLLME in blend with fiber optic-direct cluster detecting spectrophotometry ( FO-LADS ) with charge-coupled gadget ( CCD ) sensor benefitting from a small scale cell was utilized for this intent.2. Experimental2.1 Reagent and rules The reagents utilized in the analyses were of diagnostic class: MB ( utilized as a cationic color ) , sodium dodecyl sulfate ( SDS, utilized as a delegate anionic wetting specialist ) , CH3)2CO as disperser dissolvers, trichloromethane as microextraction dissolver, NaOH, HNO3 ( 65 % ) , HCl ( 37 % ) , acidic corrosive, and Na ethanoate for doing support arrangement ) and got from Merck ( Darmstadt, Germany ) . Supreme ethyl liquor ( and gt ; 99.6 % ) bought from Bidestan organization ( Qazvin, Iran ) . The required proportion of SDS was broken down in unadulterated H2O to do standard arrangement of 1000 mg L-1. The stock arrangements of MB ( 3 A-10-3 mol L-1 ) were set up by blur excursion proper totals in double refined H2O. All the plastic and glasswork were cleaned by drenching for 24 H in 10 % v/v HNO3. Subsequent to purging, all holders were comprehensively flushed multiple times with double refined H2O and twice with CH3)2CO before use. No any cleanser was utilized to clean glasswork since it is difficult to take from surfaces and causes high outcomes. 2.2. Mechanical assembly and Instrumentation contraption The fiber optic-straight exhibit detecting spectrophotometer was roosted from Avantes ( Eerbeek, Netherlands ) . The light pillar from the UV-Vis starting ( Deuterium-Halogen ) was engaged to the example small scale cell ( Starna Scientific, Essex, England, Cat. NO. 16.40F-Q-10/Z15 ) . The spectrograph acknowledges the light bar transmitted through the optical fiber and scatters it by means of a fixed mesh over the 2048 segment CCD-straight exhibit sensor. The instrumental parametric amounts are recorded in Table 1. A Universal EBA 20 extractor outfitted with a point rotor ( Angle rotor for 8 A-15 milliliter tubings, 6000 cycles for every moment, Cat. No. 2002 ) were acquired from Hettich ( Kirchlengern, Germany ) . A customizable pipette ( 10-100 A µL ) was set up from Brand ( Wertheim, Germany ) . All 0.1, 1.0 and 2.5 milliliter panpipes were set up from Hamilton ( Reno, NV, USA ) . To clear out the smaller scale cell, stay away from any memory outcome and better the repeatability of procedure, it was washed multiple times by around 2 milliliters of propanone between every examination and dried with a waterway of cold air by utilization of a hair drier. 2.3. Notice process Hundred milliliter of test was put into a 250 milliliter isolating pipe and 10 milliliter of a 1 A-10a?’3 mol L-1 MB arrangement and 15 milliliters trichloromethane were included. Subsequent to upsetting the blend adroitly for 1 min, the two phases were let to gap and chloroform bed taken for investigation. Each example was separated to boot multiple times using 10 ml part of trichloromethane and optical thickness measurings were made at 650 nanometers in forepart of an outer normalization arranged from SDS. Arrangements in the degree somewhere in the range of 0.1 and 0.5 milligrams La?’1 were separated in a similar way than tests. 2.4 Recommended systematic procedure Into a progression of screw top glass preliminary tubing with conelike underside 5.0 milliliter of the standard SDS arrangements at the focus in the considered degree were pipetted out. At that point 25 A µL of 3 A-10-3 mol L-1 MB standard arrangement was included. Subsequently, 2.00 milliliter ethyl liquor ( disperser dissolver ) fusing 138 A µL trichloromethane ( microextraction dissolver ) was infused rapidly into the example arrangement using a 2.50-mL syringe. This infusion prompted an overcast arrangement, brought about by the OK beads of trichloromethane into the fluid example. The stage partition was quickened by centrifugating at 5500 cycles for each moment for 3 min. After this measure the spread OK beads of trichloromethane were settled at the underside of the watery arrangement in conelike preliminary tubing. Resulting to this procedure, for clearing the upper watery arrangement a long needle associated with 10-mL infusion syringe was drenched down in to demonstrate t ubing and pulled the theorist up till minute 200-300 A µL of fluid stage stays at the head of natural bed. The volume of the settled natural stage was resolved using a 100-i? ­L microsyringe at 25  °C which was 65A ±2 A µL. Sixty smaller scale liter of this settled stage was evacuated by micropipette and brought into miniaturized scale cell. The standard optical thickness of AS-MB particle pair in trichloromethane was estimated at the frequency of 650.0 nanometers by organizations of FO-LADS.3. Result and treatmentIn request to acquire a high affectability, the parametric amounts affecting the DLLME, for example, the kind of the microextraction and the disperser dissolvers each piece great as their volume, convergence of MB, pH, and the

Case Study Analysis On Jurisdictional Error â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Anything Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Anything - Essay Example As Hands notes, life has gotten hard for many families. The middle gross full-time week after week income have fallen, in swelling balanced terms, by 9% since 2008. Expectations for everyday comforts for some, family units have been level, best case scenario, for any longer. During that equivalent period, the worth included expense, which hits low-salary laborers hardest, has been raised to 20% (21). It is basic to think of means and approaches to lift the wages of the individuals who are most unfortunate paid. On the off chance that the base wages are expanded, this ought to compare to changes in the assessment code. On the off chance that this were not placed in thought 33% of each pound in wage increment would be taken by the Treasury. What legislators who declare an expansion in the lowest pay permitted by law are less quick to share is that lone 68% of each additional pound in expanded wages really arrives at the pockets of low-workers. The rest is taken by the Treasury through a 20% annual duty that applies to each pound of profit above  £10,000 every year proportional to around 39 working a long time at 40 hours of the week on the lowest pay permitted by law and a 12% national protection finding on income above  £8,000. For the numerous who will likewise observe their in-work benefits diminished, the successful minimal assessment rate is over 32% (Hands 21). This is the reason the case of raising the lowest pay permitted by law is a conventional technique that is utilized by government officials. In the event that the wages are expanded the administration gets credit at the same time, then again the assessment incomes expanded and compound the circumstance. This demonstrates a superior method to help the low-pay workers is by a total expense change. The national protection paid is nothing more other than charge by another name. While there has been extensive advancement in raising the edge for annual expense, legislators are obviously close-lipped regarding doing likewise for national protection. The outcome is that somebody working 40 hours at the lowest pay permitted by law

Topics For Agriculture Essay

Topics For Agriculture EssayChoosing topics for agriculture essay is actually quite easy. All you need to do is to determine which topics are appropriate and relate to the information that you want to share. The article below gives you some ideas on topics for the essays. You may choose one of them and apply it for your purpose.Food and nutrition: Food and nutrition issues are the things you should talk about when writing your essay. Not only are food and nutrition important for one's health, but also you may be able to put in a good point regarding how it can affect one's attitude towards food.Current Agricultural Practices: There are actually some practical things that have been done in the past but are still relevant in today's era. It will be quite interesting to learn about these as well. Through your essay, you will be able to add more valuable information for readers.Technology: One of the most relevant topic when writing an essay is technology. By knowing more about this, you will be able to add more useful and effective information.Agriculture and Crop Development: This one is about the history of agriculture and crop development. You may use this as a way to reflect on your interest in farming or the issues related to agriculture and crop development.Exotic Food: It is a very important thing to know when writing an essay. In fact, this is the topic of a lot of them. If you have the ability to provide more information, you may include it as part of your topic.Your personal experiences: In writing an essay, people often want to read about their personal experiences. If you have this information, you may choose to include it as part of your essay. Also, you may make some additions to your essay to emphasize the relevance of your personal experiences.Farm management: In writing an essay, many students want to read about farm management. You may choose to use this topic as a way to reflect on the practicalities of being a farm manager.

Tuberculosis Is The Infectious Disease Example For Students

Tuberculosis Is The Infectious Disease Tuberculosis is the irresistible illness, that cause mortality worldwide and is the real issue for overall wellbeing framework. Tuberculosis (TB) is a transferable infection, that may introduced in a functioning or an idle structure. It influences a different body frameworks, yet for the most part a respiratory framework. This sickness is activated by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is transmitted through the air; in this manner, an individual gets tainted by a breathed in bacterium from an individual with dynamic type of TB, and who is given hack and wheezing. Individual with a dormant structure normally asymptomatic, though the microscopic organisms is latent in the lungs. On another hand, an individual with a functioning type of TB may show following side effects: serious hack longer than about fourteen days, wicked hack and sputum, chest torment, shortcoming, weight reduction, fever, chills, loss of hunger and night sweats. TB analyzed by tuberculin skin test, X-beam, blood and sputum tests. We will compose a custom paper on Tuberculosis Is The Infectious Disease explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now This irresistible malady may cause the extraordinary intricacies inside the entire body. For the most part it causes respiratory framework issues, similar to brevity of breath, Pneumothorax, Pleural emanation; close to it might spread into different locales, causing cardiovascular, bone and joint difficulties; different kidney sicknesses; lymph hub diseases, spine tuberculosis, meningitis and other hazardous confusions. Tuberculosis can be dealt with, idle structure treated with Isoniazid, though the dynamic type of TB treated with mix of a few medications, which incorporates antimicrobial and anti-microbial. Additionally, treatment plan ought to incorporate a decent nourishment and additional rest (Badash Horn, 2016). Tuberculosis has sway on global networks. It is on a tenth-place ailment causing the passing around the world (WHO, 2017). About 95% of mortality from TB happen in low-pay nations. Also, about 60% of TB occurrences enrolled in India, China, Nigeria, Pakistan and South Africa (WHO, 2017). The investigation of an illness includes utilization of the epidemiologic triangle idea. This idea comprises of a specialist (TB life form), the earth (segment packing, poor ventilation, poor sanitation) and host (lack of healthy sustenance, ceaseless malady, smothered invulnerable framework). Along these lines, any move in one of the elements causes a change in person’s wellbeing status harmony (Epidemiological triangle, n.d.). Thus, access to ordinary lodging, absence of clean water, maladies like HIV and diabetes and other incessant sicknesses, the commonness of medication safe TB add to higher danger of building up the tuberculosis. Also, the huge impact on tuberculosis improvement has the social wellbeing determinants. Social determinants of wellbeing are the terms in the encompassing settings where individuals are conceived, live, learn, work, play, and age that sway wellbeing, capacities, personal satisfaction yields and wellbeing dangers. Hence, the age, worldwide imbalances in social and monetary fields, living and natural conditions, absence of access to sound and nutritious food, low budgetary status, geographic and social weights to medicinal services get to add to tuberculosis episodes inside the global networks (Hargreaves et al., 2011). To advance sufficient observing and treatment, a populace contaminated with TB must be confined if the TB in dynamic structure, ought to follow drug routine, and be consistent with doctor treatment plan. Additionally, the essentialness of the network nurses’ job shouldn’t be thought little of in avoidance and in controlling TB. Concurring the CDC (2017) 70% of case identification happens due to nurses’ association. The people group medical caretakers are essential help in surveying populace inside the network. After the case was identified, and all proper evaluation estimations and information assortment performed, it gets detailed. Following stage is when treatment plan built up by a doctor and the medicinal services plan decided in like manner. 85% of treatment achievement announced dependent on nurses’ contribution in treatment plan of TB patients (WHO,2017). Medical caretakers give physical, mental and social assistance; screen treatment and results; r ecords information and reports to wellbeing doctors; advocate for patients; and teach patients, their family and network about the TB illness, preventive measures, side effects, chance, confusions. Despite the fact that, there is numerous difficulties the network medical attendants to meet, similar to absence of best systems, absence of study confirmations, absence of proper preparing and materials (WHO,2017). .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289 , .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289 .postImageUrl , .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289 , .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289:hover , .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289:visited , .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289:active { border:0!important; } .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289:active , .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u8 82223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u882223e2c1f7ab12394e5317decfe289:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: ARSON EssayIn anticipation and insurance of the United States, and advance in diminishing the tuberculosis dismalness, significant job put on national and worldwide offices. One of the national organizations is National Tuberculosis Controllers Association (NTCA). The point of this association is to ensure the public’s wellbeing by diminishing and disposing of tuberculosis in the United States, through centered activities of government, neighborhood and regional projects (NTCA, 2017). To aid disposal of TB, NTCA advocate TB control and end benefits in the US; counsel offices and associations on full of feelin g activities to control and dispense with TB at state, neighborhood and regional levels; backing and promoter for strategies, and laws to advance TB end (NTCA,2017). Taking everything into account, it is suitable to repeat that the transmittable sickness sway the populaces wellbeing all inclusive. It impacts the financially the nations, as it is exorbitant to analyze, forestall, treat the tuberculosis, and dispose of the inclining factors. Other than dynamic instances of TB, there are testing triggers, that can't be fixed in a short time. Destitution, absence of solid living condition, monetary downturn, absence of accessibility to get to sufficient medicinal services are as yet huge issues to be illuminated. Reference Badash, M. M., Horn, D. F. (2016). Tuberculosis (TB). Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health, Hargreaves, J. R., Boccia, D., Evans, C. An., Adato, M., Pettigrew, M., Porter, J. D. (2011). The Social Determinants of Tuberculosis: From Evidence to Action. American Journal of Public Health, 101(4), 654-662. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.199505 World Health Organization. (2017). Tuberculosis: reaction subsidizing. Recovered April 2, 2017 from, http://www.who.int/tb/distributions/global_report/gtbr15_main_text.pdf Epidemiologic triangle model of sickness causation. (n.d.). Recovered April 02, 2017, from http://www.umncphp.umn.edu/readiness/site/lesson1/screen4.htm NTCA. (2017). Recovered April 03, 2017, from http://www.tbcontrollers.org/ntca-2/#.WOHUEYWcFPY

Michigan Community Essay Samples

Michigan Community Essay SamplesWith just a few clicks of the mouse, Michigan community essay samples can be downloaded and studied at one's leisure. These papers are divided into multiple sections such as generalities, facts, statements, facts, research results, and more.However, many students do not want to spend the time and effort needed to learn the procedures and strategies used in the Michigan community essay samples. This is why they prefer to get these documents through the Internet. By using the resources of the Internet, one is able to save time and energy for writing.To be able to use the Internet, one must have a computer with an active Internet connection. Then, one must download and install all the programs that they need on their computer. Once this is done, they will be able to get the samples online.Of course, there are many options available for those who wish to download the samples from the Internet. One option includes using the free websites. However, this type of strategy will only work if the sample is legal and does not contain plagiarism. Otherwise, one will not be able to get what they are after.To avoid the risk of getting caught in this way, it is advisable to first get a legal copy of the particular sample that you are looking for. The best option to get this type of sample is to simply get an education package that is bundled with the samples.A bundle of essays will have all the essay samples that one can possibly want. These include not only the essay samples but also essays that are used for college applications. With this type of package, one is able to study and improve on their own.If one has not been able to find a bundle yet, they can always look for it in their online library. However, this option does not have the flexibility of choosing which essay samples to study or which ones to skip. Thus, a bundle is still better.When deciding which of the essay samples to get, it is always good to make sure that the essay samples are all from a reputable source. It is important to know how long these essays have been published. This is because many students have the tendency to plagiarize.

Best Colleges for Food

Best Colleges for Food August 17 Princeton, Columbia, Brown, Penn, Harvard, Yale, and Cornell were ranked among the 75 best food schools in the country. The Daily Meal has a college ranking that details the best colleges for food. Just what we needanother college ranking, right? Well, we figured wed know how accurate the ranking is by seeing where Cornell University lands on the list as Cornell is known to have excellent campus food options. After all, theyve got the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration. Were not going to list the top 75 best colleges for food  as ranked by The Daily Meal but we will point out some of the highly selective colleges that made the list. Boston College, College of William Mary, Colby College, Stanford University, Tufts University, Middlebury College, Princeton University, Brown University, Wesleyan University, Bates College, University of Chicago, Connecticut College, Washington University in St. Louis, University of Pennsylvania, University of California Berkeley, Pitzer College, MIT, Harvard University, Yale University, Vanderbilt University, UCLA, Cornell University (ranking #12), Emory University, Duke University, New York University, Northwestern University, and to round out the top three Columbia University, Johns Hopkins University, and Bowdoin College. According to The Daily Meal, We have used much of the same criteria as last year’s list, but this time around we considered the food scene of the surrounding area in our ranking. Students like to get off campus every once in a while, and if the food offered around the schools was easily accessible and highly rated, that was a contributing factor in the overall rating of colleges. We also didn’t consider student feedback this year because we didn’t want school pride to interfere with the ranking. We wanted our ranking to be based on quantifiable criteria that would really determine the best colleges for food without passionate students and alumni skewing the list.

Why Jewish People Sought Refuge Overseas - 877 Words

As the saying goes, history tends to repeat itself. In Europe during the 1930s and1940s Jewish Europeans were treated as second class citizens, striped of their rights, and tragically murdered by the masses. Today if someone were to take a look back there would be no question as to why Jewish people sought refuge overseas. Today a very similar situation presents itself in the Middle East. Thousands of Syrians are seeking refuge in neighboring countries and overseas. History may never see such horrible events take place like those of the holocaust, but today tens of thousands of innocent people are being killed in Syria, and thousands more are fleeing the country to seek refuge. Here in present day America, just like decades ago, there exists a racism, a racism that won’t be openly admitted by most but nevertheless, it lives. It’s alive in movies, on social media, and in the news. We see it every day, in the labeling of Muslim refugees as possible terrorist threats or economic baggage that is somehow draining the pockets of the tax payers. The unfair, biased labeling of these refugees is really clouding the vision of many American citizens. In the wake of the recent shootings that have taken place, the news has now gone into a frenzy, uttering absurd misleading statements that any Muslim can become radicalized and therefore can be considered a threat. Even Presidential Candidate Donald J. Trump had audacity to get on public television and call for a, â€Å"complete ban of allShow MoreRelatedHis171 Part 7, E3 Eznotes5586 Words   |  23 Pagesdepletion of the ozone layer.* 8. By 1900, the nation that controlled the majority of the worlds trade and finances was a. Germany. b. Great Britain.* c. Russia. d. the United States. e. Japan. 9. The increase in the number of Europeans living overseas was largely due to a. a drop in the death rate.* b. epidemic disease in Europe. c. famine and starvation. d. plague spreading in Europe. e. the abolition of serfdom in Russia. 10. Which of the following is not characteristic of nineteenth-centuryRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesperiod from the 1870s is included in a long twentieth century (and perhaps even if it is not), migration served as a mode of escape from oppression and poverty and, in many instances, as an avenue toward advancement for an unprecedented number of people that soared well into the hundreds of millions by century’s end. But for a clear majority of these migrants, movement was coerced by flight from war and oppression or was enticed by labor recruiters who preyed on the desperately poor. The prospects

Eastern Michigan University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Eastern Michigan University is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 76%. Located in Ypsilanti, a small city between Ann Arbor and Detroit, Eastern Michigan University has well-regarded programs in business, forensics, nursing, and education. EMU has over 250 student clubs and organizations and an active Greek system. On the athletic front, the Eastern Michigan Eagles compete in the NCAA Division I  Mid-American Conference. Popular sports include football, golf, basketball, track and field, swimming, and softball. Considering applying to Eastern Michigan University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Eastern Michigan University had an acceptance rate of 76%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 76 students were admitted, making Eastern Michigans admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 14,577 Percent Admitted 76% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 22% SAT Scores and Requirements Eastern Michigan University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 85% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 450 590 Math 440 580 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Eastern Michigans admitted students fall within the  bottom 29% nationally  on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Eastern Michigan scored between 450 and 590, while 25% scored below 450 and 25% scored above 590. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 440 and 580, while 25% scored below 440 and 25% scored above 580. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1170 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Eastern Michigan. Requirements Eastern Michigan University does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that Eastern Michigan does not superscore SAT results, your highest composite SAT score from a single test date will be considered. ACT Scores and Requirements Eastern Michigan University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 25% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 13 24 Math 16 23 Composite 15 23 This admissions data tells us that most of Eastern Michigans admitted students fall within the  bottom 20% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Eastern Michigan received a composite ACT score between 15 and 23, while 25% scored above 23 and 25% scored below 15. Requirements EMU does not require the ACT writing section. Note that Eastern Michigan does not superscore ACT results, your highest composite ACT score from a single test date will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Eastern Michigan Universitys incoming freshmen class was 3.29. This data suggests that most successful applicants to EMU have primarily B grades. Admissions Chances Eastern Michigan University, which accepts more than three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average range, you have a strong chance of being accepted. Note that EMU admits students on a sliding scale that combines high school GPA and SAT or scores. Students with high GPAs, may be admitted with below average test scores, and students with high test scores, may be admitted with a lower-than-average GPAs. If You Like Eastern Michigan, You May Also Like These Schools Ohio State UniversityBall State UniversityWestern Michigan UniversityGrand Valley State UniversityBowling Green State UniversityCentral Michigan University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Eastern Michigan University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Life And Death Of The Andes Travel Writing Assignment

Life and Death in the Andes Travel Writing Assignment Kim MacQuarrie, the author of Life and Death in the Andes: On the Trail of Bandits, Heroes, and Revolutionaries is a writer, a four-time emmy award winning documentary filmmaker, anthropologist, and the author. MacQuarrie spent time living in Peru and consequently wrote four books on the country, and the events that took place and significant figures who resided there. With a large amount of time being spent in Latin America, he was able to view the country and the culture from his perspective. MacQuarrie is able to share so much knowledge on historical, geographical, environmental, and cultural aspects of life that allows the reader to truly get a feel for what life would be like in Latin America at the time. Kim MacQuarrie’s experience in Latin America can be described as none other than adventurous. During his multiple years living in Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile, he was able to immerse himself in the cultural aspects of life that a typical tourist would otherwise be unable to do. He experienced the ins and outs of the daily tasks that the people of Latin America faced, and was able to get firsthand accounts, through interviews, of people who were truly impacted by the massive cultural events that took place in the region. MacQuarrie’s journey into Latin America began in the late 1980’s, at the peak of the Shining Path guerrilla warfare, a communist militant group in Peru. MacQuarrie soon began to seedShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPerspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillianRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesChange 2. Images of Managing Change 121 121 147 147 Text 3. Why Organizations Change Text Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 14. Initiating Change 174 174 Text iii Cases 221 221 225 The Consolidated Life Case: Caught Between Corporate Cultures Who’s in Charge? (The)(Jim)(Davis)(Case) Morin−Jarrell †¢ Driving Shareholder Value I. Valuation 229 229 253 279 1. The Value−Based Management Framework: An Overview 2. Why Value Value? 4. The Value Manager

Taxation Law Section 4-1 of the ITA Act - Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Taxation Law for Section 4-1 of the ITA Act. Answer: Residence Issue The issue is to determine whether Megan is resident for the purpose of tax. Law The section 4-1 of the ITA Act 1997 states that every company, individual or other entities is required to pay income tax on their assessable income. The assessable income is classified as ordinary income and statutory income for the purpose of tax (Burkhauser et al., 2015). The ordinary income includes income of ordinary concept as per section 6-5 of the ITA Act 1997. The other assessable incomes that are not ordinary income are assessable income as per section 6-10 of the ITA Act 1997. A resident taxpayer is required to pay tax from income received from all the sources as per section 6-5(2) of the ITA Act 1997. The section 6-5(3) provides a foreign resident on the other hand is required to pay tax only on income that are received from sources within Australia. It is therefore important to determine the residential status of the taxpayer (McLachlan, 2013). Application In this case, Megan is engaged with an Australian mining company and is required to spend eight months out of Australia. The ITA Act 1936 defines resident as an individual whose place of abode is in Australia or the individual is the member of a superannuation scheme. Meagan sacrifices a part of the salary for contribution to superannuation scheme and her regular place of abode is in Australia (Dowling, 2014). Conclusion Based on the above analysis it can be concluded that Megan is a resident for the purpose of tax. Income received from the mining company Issue The issue is to determine whether the assessable income should include the gross income received from an Australian company. Law The assessable income of the taxpayer is classified into ordinary income and statutory income. The incomes received by the taxpayer from property, business, employment and personal services are included within the meaning of ordinary income (Chalmers et al., 2013). In the case of Tennant v Smith 1892, FCT V Cooke and Sherden 1980 it was held that an income would be considered as ordinary if a real gain accrue to the taxpayer and the income is received in cash or cash convertible (Hopkins, 2016). Application Megan worked for a mining company and received an income of $180000.00 during the income year. This income received from the mining company is a regular receipt and should be included in the assessable income of the taxpayer as held in the case of FCT V Blake 1984. In the case of Tennant v Smith 1892, FCT V Cooke and Sherden 1980 it was held that income from employment should be included as ordinary income (Schenk et al., 2015). The income that is received from mining company is for employment therefore it is an ordinary income and should be included in the assessable income of the Megan. Conclusion Based on the above discussion it is concluded that income received by Megan from mining company should be included in the assessable income. Superannuation Contribution Issue The issue is to ascertain the affect on the assessable income of the taxpayer due to salary sacrifice for contribution to superannuation. Law The salary sacrifice arrangement is defined in Taxation Ruling 2001/10 as an arrangement between the employer and employee where employee forgo a part of the salary and in return receives benefit of similar value from the employer (Chang, 2016). The salary sacrificed for the purpose of contribution to the superannuation is an example of salary sacrificing arrangements (Acemoglu Robinson, 2015). If the contribution to the superannuation is made within the prescribed limit then such contribution is taxed at a nominal rate of 15%. The salary that is included in the assessable income does not include the salary sacrifice for the contribution to superannuation. Application Megan sacrificed $20000.00 for superannuation contribution and this sacrifice of salary should not be included in the assessable income as per the above discussion. Conclusion The assessable income of the Megan should not include the salary sacrifice component of $20000.00, as it will be taxed at a nominal rate of 15%. One off payment received Issue The one off payment is received from the company and the issue is to determine whether it should be included in the assessable income. Law The income is considered as ordinary income if the receipt of such income is regular as was held in the case of FCT V Blake 1984. In the case of FCT V Harris 1980, it was held that assessable income would not include one off receipts. However, there are certain exceptions to this rule, as a lump sum payment received to do a particular job under a contract is included within the ordinary income (Chardon et al., 2016). Application Megan received a one off lump sum payment from the mining company under a contract of not to work for any other mining company. This is an exception to the rule that held in the above cases so it should be included in the assessable income (Krever Mellor, 2016). Conclusion The one off payment received by Megan should be included in the assessable income. Fees received from freelancing Issue It is to be ascertained whether the fees received from freelancing should be included in the assessable income. Law The incomes from all sources are included in the ordinary income. The definition of ordinary income includes the fees that are received by the taxpayer by providing freelancing services (Alm Duncan, 2014). The GST or tax payable should not be included in the assessable income of the taxpayer as per section 17-5 of the ITA Act 1997. The section 17-5 also stated that the amount received that is to be included in the assessable income should be calculated after adjusting the GST payable (Hasseldine Morris, 2013). Application The fees received for providing freelance service includes GST amount. This GST amount should be adjusted before the freelance fees are included in the assessable income of the taxpayer (Allan et al., 2014). Conclusion The freelance received by Megan should be included in the assessable income after adjusting the GST payable amount. Gifts Issue The taxpayer has received gift in cash and gift in kind. The issue is to ascertain whether the gifts should be included in the assessable income of the taxpayer. Law It was held in the case of Tenant V Smith 1892, FCT V Cooke and Sherden 1980 that a gain that is not receive in cash or cannot be converted to cash then it is not an ordinary income (De Mooij, 2012). Application In this case, Megan received two bottle of champagne and a cash gift of $5000.00. The two bottles of champagne are not convertible to cash so this are not included in the ordinary income (Cracogna Henr, 2013). The law provides that if a gift is received from income earning activity then such gifts should be included in the assessable income. In this case, Megan received cash gifts from clients so this gift amount should be included in the assessable income (Anthoine, 2013). Conclusion From above it can be concluded that two bottles of champagne is not an income and should not be included in the assessable income. On the other hand, cash gifts received from clients should be included in the assessable income. Income received from designing Issue The issue is to determine whether the assessable income should include the income received from sale of intellectual property. Law The section 995 provides the definition of intellectual property rights. The definition provides that items that consist of equitable rights are considered as intellectual property right. It also means patent or a license as mentioned in the common wealth law. The owner of a design of a product or equipments is also included in the intellectual property owner (Burkhauser et al., 2015). Application In this case, Meagan was the owner of then design of mining equipment that she sold for $121000.00. The income that is received from the design of mining equipment is the income from personal exertion for Megan (Dowling, 2014). The ITA Act 1997 provides that mining equipments include the intellectual property rights on the depreciating assets. The extents for the consequences of intellectual property right are based on the capital costs as mentioned under division 40 (Hopkins, 2016). The section 40 C provides that any income from the sale of intellectual property should be treated as revenue and should be included in the assessable income. In the case of Pacific Film laboratories Pty ltd V Federal Commissioner of taxation, it was found that intellectual property transferred is considered as sale and is subject to sales tax (Chang, 2016). Conclusion Then law provides that any type of income from sale of intellectual property should be included in the assessable income. The case law also provides that the transfer of intellectual property is to be considered as sale. Income from Painting Issue The income from sale of painting whether it should be included in the assessable income. Law The section 84-5 of the ITA Act 1997 provides that if an ordinary income or statutory income is received from the personal effort and skills then such income are known as personal service income. The section 84-5(2) provides that only individuals can have personal service income (Chardon et al., 2016). Application The Taxation ruling 2001/7 provides that analysis of ordinary income and statutory income is required in order to define personal service income as per Para 20 of the ruling. The Para 26 of the taxation ruling 2001/7 provides that for interpreting division 84 it is important to ascertain whether the income is received for personal effort and skill (Alm Duncan, 2014). If the income is in fact received for personal skill and effort then it should be included in the assessable income. If the income is not received for personal effort or skill then it should not be included in the personal service income (Allan et al., 2014). In this case, Megan has received substantial income from painting activities. The painting skill of Megan was recognized in various art exhibitions and she earned an amount of $22000.00 during the current income year. The income from the painting is an income from personal exertion (Cracogna et al., 2013 ). This can be further classified as income generated from ca pital gain and income that are received from reward. The personal service incomes involve alienation measures and are subject to tax so they should be included in the assessable income of the taxpayer. In the case of New IT Pty ltd it was held that individual that is providing the necessary service to customer is providing then personal service for the purpose of the tax. The income that is received from providing personal service is included in the assessable income of the taxpayer (Anthoine, 2013). Conclusion In this case, Megan has received income from selling paintings and rewards. She obtains these incomes from personal effort and skill so these are personal service income. The personal service income is taxable so it should be included in the assessable income of the taxpayer. Reference Acemoglu, D., Robinson, J. A. (2015). The rise and decline of general laws of capitalism.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,29(1), 3-28. Allan, G., Lecca, P., McGregor, P., Swales, K. (2014). The economic and environmental impact of a carbon tax for Scotland: a computable general equilibrium analysis.Ecological Economics,100, 40-50. Alm, J., Duncan, D. (2014). Estimating tax agency efficiency.Public Budgeting Finance,34(3), 92-110. Anthoine, R. (Ed.). (2013).Tax incentives for private investment in developing countries. Springer Science Business Media. Burkhauser, R. V., Hahn, M. H., Wilkins, R. (2015). Measuring top incomes using tax record data: A cautionary tale from Australia.The Journal of Economic Inequality,13(2), 181-205. Chalmers, J., Carragher, N., Davoren, S., OBrien, P. (2013). Real or perceived impediments to minimum pricing of alcohol in Australia: public opinion, the industry and the law.International Journal of Drug Policy,24(6), 517-523. Chang, J. (2016). Foreign resident CGT withholding.Taxation in Australia,50(11), 664. Chardon, T., Freudenberg, B., Brimble, M. (2016). Tax literacy in Australia: not knowing your deduction from your offset. Cracogna, D., Fici, A., Henr, H. (2013).International handbook of cooperative law. Springer. De Mooij, R. A. (2012). Tax biases to debt finance: Assessing the problem, finding solutions.Fiscal Studies,33(4), 489-512. Dowling, G. R. (2014). The curious case of corporate tax avoidance: Is it socially irresponsible?.Journal of Business Ethics,124(1), 173-184. Hasseldine, J., Morris, G. (2013, March). Corporate social responsibility and tax avoidance: A comment and reflection. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 1-14). Elsevier. Hopkins, B. R. (2016).The Law of Tax-Exempt Organizations+ Website, 2016 Supplement. John Wiley Sons. Krever, R., Mellor, P. (2016). Australia, GAARsA Key Element of Tax Systems in the Post-BEPS Tax World.GAARsA Key Element of Tax Systems in the Post-BEPS Tax World (Amsterdam: IBFD, 2016), 45-64. McLachlan, R. (2013). Deep and Persistent Disadvantage in Australia-Productivity Commission Staff Working Paper. Schenk, A., Thuronyi, V., Cui, W. (2015).Value Added Tax. Cambridge University Press.

Infection Control for Measles for Healthcare- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInfection Control for Measles for Healthcare. Answer: Introduction: A significant chunk of Healthcare is associated with infection and prevention or management of it. Since the very beginning of human civilization, infections has been one of the greatest reasons behind the loss of a huge proportion of lives, due to racing outbreaks of different infection pathogens. However, the Healthcare industry has advanced considerably, and in the new and improved amendments of Healthcare standards, outstanding infection control policies deserves a specific recognition. These infection control policies have been extremely beneficial for facilitating successful management and even prevention of potential infection epidemics (Miller and Palenik 2014). This assignment will focus on infection control policies and a possible breach situation taking the example of measles infection. Risk factors and risk event: Measles is considered to be one of the most highly contagious infectious diseases, and it is known to target 20 million people on an annual basis. The measles virus is considered to be an airborne pathogen and it is easily transmitted from one person to another by the affected person coughing or sneezing anywhere near the unaffected individual. The motor method of transmission from one person to another phase wire aerosolized droplet nuclei, hence the infection control policy for this virus needs to focus both on airborne routes and direct contact. Hard hygiene policy is an absolute mandate for handling measles patient along with use of personal protection equipments to avoid direct contact transmission, as per the NSW infection control policy (Health.nsw.gov.au. 2017). Example of Breach: Although the main purpose behind the infection control policies are to ensure optimal health and safety for both the patients in the Healthcare facility and the staff caring for patience with measles or any other infectious diseases, infection control policy breach is also an unintentional albeit common occurrence. In this scenario, infection control policy breach can easily occur by either the care staff not using PPE while handling a measles patient or by not maintaining the 5 moments of hand hygiene strictly. And as the mode of transmission for this disease is airborne via serialized droplet nuclei such a breach can avail cause an outbreak of hospital acquired measles infection in the facility (Maltezou and Wicker 2016). Strategies for prevention of breach: While adherence to infection control policies are extremely necessary in case of health care facilities, it also needs to be mentioned that a breach is mostly unintentional and facilitated by a mishap in one of the meticulous steps of the protocol. The health care staff responsible for a breach are penalized heavily as well, when, keeping the workload and burnout under consideration, a mistake can always occur. On the other hand a infection control policy breaches can be effectively avoided if a step by step policy compliance strategy can be implemented (Ma etval., 2016). The very step to this strategy should be analysis of the breach situation, identify caption of the contributing factors behind the breach, and finally qualitative analysis of these reasons to formulate strategies to avoid these issues from being formed. The next step should be a diligent and strict monitoring body that can overlook the activities of the care providers and their level of compliance to the infection control policies. Third step should be periodic evaluation of whether the staff has the access to adequate infection control supplies. Often the health care staff do not have enough understanding of the benefits of infection control policies, and often they do not have skills to adhere to each component of the protocols. A training and skill improvement workshop focussing on infection control policies can be exponentially beneficial in helping the staff understand the value of infection control and the direct benefits of this policy on the health and safety of both the patients and themselves (Lim, Ho and O'reilly 2016). Dissemination of information: Infection control guidelines are important legislative guidelines and a breach in the infection control policies demand legal and lawful consequences. In the face of a policy breach, the legal guidelines direct at both verbal and formal communication of the breach information to all key stakeholders, such as. The disclosure of any subjective or objective data to outside personnel is strictly prohibited and is considered violating the privacy and confidentiality (Filia et al., 2016). Conclusion: Measles is a fairly common yet alarmingly contagious infectious diseases, and therefore strict infection control policies are implemented to keep the outbreak of this particular virus under complete control. However infection control policy breach poses a significant threat to avoiding such outbreaks; although it can be concluded that adhering to a simple and organized strategy can drastically improve compliance to such policies and prevent policy breaches before it can take place. References Filia, A., Bella, A., Cadeddu, G., Milia, M.R., Del Manso, M., Rota, M.C., Magurano, F., Nicoletti, L. and Declich, S., 2015. Extensive nosocomial transmission of measles originating in cruise ship passenger, Sardinia, Italy, 2014.Emerging infectious diseases,21(8), p.1444. Health.nsw.gov.au. (2017). Influenza. [online] Available at: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/Influenza/Pages/default.aspx [Accessed 19 Sep. 2017]. Lim, L.L., Ho, S.A. and O'reilly, M., 2016. In-flight transmission of measles: Time to update the guidelines?.American journal of infection control,44(8), pp.958-959. Ma, C., Gregory, C.J., Hao, L., Wannemuehler, K.A., Su, Q., An, Z., Quick, L., Rodewald, L., Ma, F., Yan, R. and Song, L., 2016. Risk factors for measles infection in 07 month old children in China after the 2010 nationwide measles campaign: A multi-site casecontrol study, 20122013.Vaccine,34(51), pp.6553-6560. Maltezou, H.C. and Wicker, S., 2013. Measles in health-care settings.American journal of infection control,41(7), pp.661-663. Miller, C.H. and Palenik, C.J., 2014.Infection Control and Management of Hazardous Materials for the Dental Team5: Infection Control and Management of Hazardous Materials for the Dental Team. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Ozone Layer Essays - Gases, Greenhouse Gases, Ultraviolet Radiation

Ozone Layer Ozone derives from the greek word ozein which means to smell. It was first discovered in 1839 by Christian Friedrick Schonbein who noticed it because of its distinctive acrid smell. He discovered this at the University of Basel in Switzerland. Ozone is merely oxygen, but not the type we breath. Ozone, O3 has three compounds while oxygen has only two. Ozone is reac- tive, meaning it does not stay still, and wants to go back to its original state, with two compounds, O2. This is why ozone isharmful. Ozone always wants to let go of its third compound, and if this compound reacts with other substances, it could be damaging, especially to humans. When discussing with the ozone layer, one should know the four major atmosphere levels on earth. The troposphere which is between zero and fifteen kilometers in altitude and has tempera- ture ranges from two hundred to two hundred ninety kelvins. The second is the stratosphere which ranges from fifteen to approxi- mately fifty kilometers in altitude and has temperature ranges from two hundred to two hundred fifty kelvins. The third level in the atmosphere is mesosphere. This level ranges from fifty to eighty-five kilometers in altitude and has temperature rangesbetween one hundred eighty and two hundred fifty kelvins. Finally, the thermosphere is the final level in the atmosphere. It's range is eighty-five to one hundred forty kilometers and also temperatures as high as four hundred sixty kelvins. Society has been widely addressed with the many problems that we are having in our environment today. A major problem is that of CFCs. CFC stands for Chlorofluorocarbons which are found in many of the aerosol spray cans. In December of 1973, Rowland and Molina discovered that CFCs can destroy the ozone in the stratosphere. In June 1975, the Natural Resources Defence Council (NRDC) sued the Consumers Product Safety Commission for a band of CFCs used in aerosol spray cans. United States's fifth largest manufacturers of aerosol sprays announced that they will reduce the amount of CFCs used in there products. But as things started to get better, The Consumer Product Safety Commission rejected NRDC's law suit in July stating that there was insufficient evidence towards the amount of harm the CFCs were doing to the ozone layer. On September 1976, a report was released which re-enforced Rowland and Molina's hypothesis, but also stated that the govern- ment action on CFC regulations should be postponed. This report also stated that the CFCs can initiate climatic changes and contribute to the warming of the earth's atmosphere, i.e., the greenhouse effect. May 1977, several government agencies announced joint plans to limit, but not eliminate uses of CFCs in aerosol spray cans. But on February of the following year, the government decided to postpone the regulations on CFCs used in refrigeration, air conditioning, solvents, and other industrial processes. With all the new regulations taking affect and being postponed, nothing was getting accomplished, but finally, on October 1978, aerosols where banned in the United States. August of 1981, satellite pictures showed that over one percent of the ozone was lost due to CFCs. Then, in October of 1984, research groups found a forty percent loss of ozone over Antarctica. In August of 1985, satellite photos confirmed the existence of an ozone hole over Antarctica. Even though many were trying to reduce the amount of CFCs in their products, there were still some out there who wanted to make the fast buck. February 1988, three US senators asked Du Pont to stop making CFCs but the chairman denied the requested. Three weeks later, the chairman agrees to ease manufacturing of chemicals, but only when substitutes were available. Eight in a million of the widely scattered molecules are ozone in our atmosphere--this is what is responsible for the rising of temperature. Ozone takes in ultra-violet rays when they come from the sun and converts the radiation to heat and chemical energy. The ozone layer also seals earth from the many of the other powerful radiation rays that the sun gives off. Splitting of oxygen molecules depends upon the intense radiation, therefore, the greatest ozone production is over the tropics. The ozone is dangerous to us because is causes many types of skin cancer such as malignant melanoma--a very deadly cancer which causes death to forty percent of all recorded cases of cancer. Many people predict that the ozone layer would cause thirty thousand skin cancers just in the United States alone, and over five hundred-thousand world wide. Cancer, though, is only one of the few

The Hourglass Technique

The Hourglass Technique Most of us during school and then in our careers have to write research papers and reports and analyze. Some of us go on to write journal articles or textbooks, nonfiction books, or even novels as freelancers. At some point, we have to take a subject, narrow it to a related topic, decide on a thesis to express our idea, and write an organized text to communicate that idea or plot and its conclusions and deliver a well-received document.The problem is that too often we get lost in the process and end up straying off topic or have trouble connecting our ideas or forming a clear thesis from the topic and then an argument strategy that relates to that topic and its thesis. Why does that happen? Because we have so many ideas about our topic or so many argument points, we simply have too many cooks in the kitchen to suggest a simple metaphor.What is the solution then? Is there a clearly stated technique we can apply that keeps us from saying too much or not being focused in a paper? Yes, t here is. Its a technique I used when I taught research paper and students told me they were panicked about writing a longer paper on one topic. They wanted to write a good paper, but got lost in the process. Its the Hourglass Technique of Writing. It is really simple and actually derived from the concept of outlining, but more visual and interactive in nature (which helps a lot of writers arrange their thinking as they plan a paper).We all know what an hourglass is – two connected glass bulbs with sand that slowly flows from the top bulb to the bottom bulb through a narrow passage that connects the two. A 3-minute egg timer is a good example. The sand at the top flows through the narrow passageway into the bottom bulb until 3 minutes are up. Then we simply turn the hourglass upside down to restart the timing process again.Lets consider the image of the hourglass and think about how a broad subject for writing must narrow to become a focused topic. Then that topic needs to nar row further still to become a precise thesis statement. At that point, were at the narrow connection where the two bulbs of the hourglass meet. Using this image, we can move from the broad to the focused idea and develop a precise and significant thesis that relates back to the original topic we had when we started and produces a precisely related thesis statement. That statement becomes the precise question or hypothesis we then use to develop arguments and the discussion and work toward a logical conclusion. This downward selective narrowing process can look something like this: Main Subject narrowed to your Topic; then your Topic narrowed further downward to a Working Thesis, and finally, that Working Thesis narrowed to your focused Thesis Statement at the narrowest point in your writing hourglass.This is the first step – narrowing our ideas, so we can see the direction we want to take for the whole paper. We create our thesis statement from the too broad a subject that in trigued us in the first place and left us with too many ideas and confusion about how to proceed to narrow our thinking.So whats next? Well, we simply move to the bottom part of the hourglass – the lower bulb. Our thesis statement now becomes a new topic for developing 3-4 main argument points related to our main thesis. All these main argument points derive from and relate back to your main thesis and from there back to your original topic and overall discipline or genre needed for your work. However, we have narrowed our thinking, so each argument point is carefully set apart and becomes its own hourglass that narrows to a sub-thesis and then expands to produce related detail to argue that sub-thesis. Indeed, we can go through the same exact thinking process as we did with the major thesis statement and develop each argument points expanded detail and that support.Thus, when we have finished the journey from the top of the hourglass to the bottom, we have expanded our think ing from an original broad subject to a thesis statement and then from that statement to 3-4 main argument points. We then develop each argument point as its own hourglass to find our sub-arguments and their support. In effect, what you have is the reverse of the first narrowing process: You use your main Thesis Statement to determine your first main Argument to support it. Then you determine an Argument Thesis from which you develop Sub-Arguments and then expand those to Argument Support to deliver your details and thinking for each Sub-Argument.Each argument in your paper can go through the same hourglass process where the argument becomes a sub-topic and then is narrowed to produced a sub-thesis statement and then expanded (just like an hourglass at the bottom) to gather support, illustrations, and explanations. All of these relate back directly to your main thesis statement and your original topic and genre.Try the concept. Draw a group of hourglasses on a piece of paper and use them as separate thinking tools to help you narrow a topic visually and then expand the thesis youve discovered into main arguments that repeat the same process. You can even stack the hourglasses if you want to make the thinking process on your topic a bit more complex. Narrow each main argument into its own thesis and then expand it to contain its own argument and supporting evidence.By segmenting your thinking, youll be more precise, yet more abstract in your thinking, and definitely more creative. Youll find your thinking will be better organized and yet integrated and connected. It works. I use the concept all the time in different writing genres. Eventually, it becomes second nature and one of your key writing tools.

How to Pronounce oi in the French Language

How to Pronounce oi in the French Language If one of the first French words you learned was  au revoir, then you already know how to pronounce the oi combination in other words. This is a vowel pairing that is used frequently in the French language and a quick lesson will help you pronounce it with ease. How to Pronounce oi in French The letters oi in French  are pronounced [wa]. The A takes on the regular French A sound. This is often considered one of the signature sounds of the French language and the foundation for French accents. Beyond  au  revoir, you likely learned to say oi in  trois  (three) when learning to count. Its also found in other basic vocabulary lessons, such as  la  voiture  (car),  une  poire  (pear), and  des  devoirs  (homework). Practice Your oi Pronunciation   To really hone your pronunciation of oi, here are a few more words to practice. Try to pronounce each on your own prior to clicking on the word to hear the correct pronunciation.   As you work your way through the list, you should hear that signature [wa] sound. Quite often, the letter following oi is either silent or softer than it may be in other words. au revoir  (good-bye)boire  (drink)dà ©boà ®ter  (to disconnect)le  doigt  (finger)à ©loigner  (to move away)une  framboise  (raspberry)loin (de)  (far from)Mademoiselle  (Miss)la  toilette  (toilet, bathroom)

Annotated bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Annotated Bibliography Example Over 1000 samples were drawn from the population under study, this being a reasonable and practical sample size for such a study. Culture is found to impact the reward preferences, such impacts not being straight forward though. The study also reveals that reward preferences may not be impacted by cultural influences alone. It is instead influenced also be factors such as economic conditions among other contextual factors. The research was conducted using data drawn from one industry alone as opposed to several industries. There is a chance that other industries could reveal different results. Also, the countries featured in the sample share certain cultural characteristics which could lead to results only practical to countries with the same characteristics. It is also noted that the results may also have been affected by the difference in importance in the various cultural dimensions. Reward variance could have been impacted by organizational factors including the size of the organization and ownership. It is important to take culture into consideration when determining the reward schemes or strategies to apply for an organization’s workforce. In addition, other factors must be taken into consideration given that it is not only culture that influences these preferences. Understanding people’s culture in a multinational environment is greatly important to the human resource manager and to the reader. The reader gets to appreciate Hofstede’s framework as it provides practical contributions with respect to culture. The reader realizes the importance of culture as a factor in rewarding employees especially when dealing with multinational companies and organizations that are served by people from of different cultural backgrounds. The audience furthermore gets to appreciate how much employee preferences affect reward management at the international

Personal Perception of Organized Crime Paper Essay

Personal Perception of Organized Crime Paper - Essay Example Militias in Somalia which are fighting the interim government in Somalia. This type of crime is well organized such that it may involve various associations of persons such as police, politicians, business people and criminals which are formed for the purposes of generating profits. In addition, view organized crime as one of the social vices that thrives well in an enabling environment, violating human rights and hence should be discouraged at all costs. To my view, organized crime is common in urban areas but as its structure advances, it encroaches the rural areas, for instance, the 'mungiki sect' in Kenya which is well established and organized both in the rural and urban areas of the country. The definitions presented in the readings acknowledge similar organized crime activities as the ones in my perception with an exception of illegal prostitution. Both my perceptions and the definitions given concur with the unique factor about organized crime i.e. it is 'organized' or 'controlled' in the manner of their operation. Both the definitions and my perception are of the view that, organized crime flourishes through provision/supply of services and goods that command a high demand in the society. Both perceive attainment of power and profits some of the goals of the syndicated crime. The definitions in the readings recognize that organized crime operates as ongoing enterprises which work rationally so as to generate profits by pursuing illegal activities. These enterprises insure their survival through the application of force or threats, and by corrupting public officials so as to secure a degree of protection against law enforcement. The definitions in the readings acknowledge illegal prostitution as one of the organized crime activities. These definitions acknowledges that the organized crime may entail legal acts; and that the organization may take hierarchical order with positions in the chain of command and the positions involving operational specialization being assigned on the grounds of either friendship, kinship or rational assignment based on skills(Sullivan, 2002). The definitions acknowledge attainment of pride and protection as being additional goals of the organized crime. The definitions acknowledge that members of an organized crime association who actively pursue its goals and to maintain the integral of the enterprise assume permanency. To maintain the discipline or to achieve the ends, members express and exercise willingness to use or engage in bribery and/or corruption. The definitions also note that membership of the organized crime enterprises is restricted and that nonmembers might be involved usually on an emergency/contingency basis. According to the definition of organized crime by Abadinski (1990), as quoted by Lunde (2004), "There are explicit rules, oral or written, which are enforced by sanctions that include murder (p.6). The definitions also note that the structure of an organized/syndicated crime relies on its particular illegal activity. According to Best and Luckenbill, as quoted by Lyman and Gary (2004), 'despite syndicated crime being highly organized, a particular syndicate involved in illegal trafficking of drugs will have a d ifferent structure as compared to a syndicated crime engaging in illegal prostitut

Essay example --

Many people, especially women, are plagued with fat storage in their lower bodies including their hips and thighs. Spot reduction isn't possible, and to reduce this dreaded jiggle, you must lose fat from your entire body through diet, cardio and strength training. (See References 1) A daily workout plan can keep you on track, and ensure that you're putting in the work required to reach your goal. Cardio On Most Days Cardio burns calories that can help you lose weight from your entire body including from your wobbly bits. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that adults do at least 150 minutes of moderate cardio a week. (See References 2) You can accumulate this by scheduling a 30-minute cardio session on five days of the week. Focus on leg-intense cardio that engages your hips and thighs. Go ice skating, jog, walk briskly, take a kickboxing or step-aerobics class, or use a stair climber or an elliptical machine. Strength Training Twice a Week Muscle tissue burn more calories than fat even when you're resting. (See References 3) To stimulate muscle tissue as y...

Border Patrol in Arizona

Alexa Ibarra English 102 Mrs. Nowotny-Young April 7th, 2010 What can we do to mitigate the affects of drug smuggling in Arizona? According to the Office of National Drug Control Policy there were 5,225 juvenile and 24,145 adult drug arrests in Arizona during 2006. The state of Arizona is a state of high intensity drug trafficking, which has therefore lead Arizona to be a state of great danger. The crime dealt with locals, the location of how easily accessible the border is and the networking that has become so large and causes immense crime in Arizona.What can be done to mitigate the affects of drug smuggling in Arizona? For those who are neighbors to the border, they are very influenced by the drugs, crime and risk their lives daily because of the positioning of their home. For most who live near the border it is a matter of culture and heritage. Payan demonstrates a â€Å"birds eye view† and how officials disregard the opinions and thoughts of those who live in the bordering areas. Apparently, they believe that the government should come up with a new approach, which could provide citizens with more privacy and more security in their neighborhoods due to high crime.Another big problem is that because these areas by the borders are so poor, locals feel pressured to become involved in these illicit activities in the drug smuggling business. The newspaper article by Eckholm demonstrates specific drug smuggling in Sells, Arizona. Tribes in Sells have been feeling as though they are being put in the middle, and that security is not strong enough too protect them from the dangers of drug smugglers. Residents of neighborhoods of bordering towns of Mexico those who believe that security in bordering towns must be more secure and refined.The purpose of the article is to give readers a taste of how it is to live in such an area, and that residents are in great danger because of the drug smuggling corruption. Many residents are often times afraid to leave their h omes because of the violence and mischief they deal with at nighttime when serious crime is done. Many think this is unfair due to the government’s lack of support to the locals, which would benefit them and put them in less harm and danger. â€Å"The smuggling of people and drugs across their backyards is something residents here have dealt with for decades.But, they say the killing of Krentz cements a disturbing evolution that began a few years ago – illegal border activity has gone from irritating to deadly dangerous. †(Mccombs 1) the killing of Robert Krentz 58 was killed by a suspected illegal immigrant. Most residents here say they believe the killer was a Mexican drug smuggler. â€Å"Many blame the U. S. government for ignoring their warnings about the increased criminal activity and for failing to protect them. The Krentz family says it holds no malice toward Mexican people. They say political forces in U. S and Mexico are accountable for the death. (Mc Comb 1) Arizona shares a 370-mile border with Mexico. This border area, a large portion of which is open and sparsely populated, cannot be continuously monitored by border enforcement agencies and is used extensively by drug trafficking organizations to smuggle illicit drugs into the United States. Significant quantities of methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and marijuana are smuggled from Mexico into Arizona. Federal-wide Drug Seizure System data indicate that Arizona ranked second in the country behind Texas in the total quantity of illicit drugs seized in 2002.Arizona is a national-level distribution center for illicit drugs, largely due to its multifaceted transportation infrastructure. Drug traffickers commonly use private vehicles and commercial trucks to smuggle illicit drugs into and through the state. Couriers traveling aboard commercial aircraft, commercial buses, and passenger railcars and package delivery services also are used by traffickers, but to a lesser extent. DTOs and criminal groups generally use Interstates 8, 10, 17, 19, and 40 as well as U. S. Highways 85 and 86 as primary routes for transporting drugs throughout Arizona and from Arizona to other regions of the country.Interstate 8 extends from San Diego through Yuma and terminates at I-10, approximately midway between Phoenix and Tucson. Interstate 10 spans the entire country, connecting Arizona, particularly Phoenix and Tucson, with the West Coast at Los Angeles and the East Coast at Jacksonville, Florida. Interstate 17 connects Phoenix to Flagstaff and provides access to eastern and western states via I-40. Interstate 19 connects Nogales on the U. S. -Mexico border with I-10 at Tucson. Interstate 40 originates at I-15 in Barstow, California, passes through Arizona, and terminates at Wilmington, North Carolina.US 85 begin at the U. S. -Mexico border and ends in the Phoenix metropolitan area. US 86 split from US 85 and extend eastward to Tucson. The Obama administration would like to in vest in an â€Å"invisible fence† which would take up to 672 million dollars in costs to create. The Bush administration launched the project in 2005 to help secure the border against illegal immigrants, drug smugglers and other intruders. It was conceived as another layer of protection, in addition to thousands of Border Patrol agents and 650 miles of real fences.The system was supposed to let a small number of dispatchers watch the border on a computer monitor, zoom in with cameras to see people crossing and decide whether to send Border Patrol agents to the scene. Although there are sensors, cameras and radar at many points along the border, they are not connected to cover large expanses. Originally, the virtual fence was supposed to be completed by 2011 but due to technical problems it has been changed to 2014. â€Å"Among other things, the radar system had trouble distinguishing between vegetation and people when it was windy.Also, the satellite communication system too k too long to relay information in the field to a command center. By the time an operator moved a camera to take a closer look at a spot, whatever had raised suspicion was gone. † (Billeaud 1) The technical issues that follow the virtual fence, along with funding problems keep delaying the creation of the virtual fence. According to Jorg Raab he explains that networking can often lead to crime. Networking is being negatively used for drug trade and putting many people in danger because of it.Raab focus is directed to those who view networking as a negative action, and believes that these networks should be confronted if western democracies wish to deal with terrorism, drug smuggling and manifolds pathologies that confront failed states. The Minutemen group has been created through a voluntary group, which is dedicated to preventing illegal crossings of the Unites States border. Arguing that the government is insufficiently concerned with securing the U. S. border they have org anized several state chapters, with the intention of providing law enforcement agencies with evidence of immigration law violations.Minutemen are a positive volunteer group but because they are risking their lives with no pay this puts the minutemen at very low numbered group members. The drug smuggling problem has become huge in Arizona. Whether it may affecting the locals, its relative closeness and easily navigable location or that networks have completely taken over the streets drug smuggling is something important and extremely important to understand in order to affectively change it. Some believe that the key to keeping danger away is to focus less on illegal immigration and focus more on drug traffickers who are creating danger to citizens of the border.The Obama administration is hoping to assess an invisible fence, which would keep illegal immigration and drug smuggling out of the United States, but with funding this, may take years to process. The minutemen system has bee n effective but the fact that it is voluntary puts the volunteers in dangerous situations, which can be misleading. Overall the drug smuggling problem in Arizona has brought much crime and danger to citizens and must be taken care of before drug smugglers expand and put more neighborhoods at harm. Works Cited Billeaud, Jacques. â€Å"Invisible fence at U. S. -Mexico border in real trouble. † The Commercial Appeal.N. p. , Jan. -Feb. 2010. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Eckholm, Erik. â€Å"In Drug War, Tribe Feels Invaded By Both Sides. † The New York Times 24 Jan. 2010: n. pag. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. McCombs, Brady. â€Å"Chiricahua neighbors fearful as never before. † Arizona Daily Star 3 Apr. 2010: n. pag. AZstarnet. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Payan, Tony. The three U. S. -Mexico border wars: drugs, immigration, and Homeland Security. Westport: Praeger Security International, 2006. N. Print. Raab, Jorg, and H Brinton Milward. â€Å"Dark Networks as Problems. † Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 13. 4 (2003): 413-439. Web. 14 Mar. 2010.

Group Counseling in Schools Annotated Bibliography Essay

Crepsi, tony D (2009). Group counseling in the schools: legal, ethical, and treatment issues in social practice. Psychology in Schools, 46(3), 273-279. This article closely examines different ethical, legal, and treatment issues that arise in school group counseling. The author starts by looking at some of the psychological issues that effect school aged children. He also suggest some appropriate topics to offer group counseling on such as a divorce group, a drug and alcohol abuse group, or a physical abuse group. The article goes on to explain several different types of group intervention such as educational guidance groups, counseling groups, and therapy groups. Five different stages of groups; forming stage, storming stage, norming†¦show more content†¦It is always good to refresh ones self on legal issues. It was good to read another’s tips on how to handle the issues of parental disclosure, and dangerous behaviors, because I deal with both of these regularly and often find my self questioning how much to disclose to parents and how much I need to with hold for the sake of the therapeutic relationship with the child. I work very hard to build trust with each child in my group and sometimes disclosing one thing to a parent can destroy that trust and the relationship. Shulman, Lawrence. (1999). Some variant elements in group practice. In Tilden, Janet. The skills of helping individuals, families, groups, and communities (pp. 619- 651) Itasca Illinois: F.E. Peacock Publishers This chapter reviewed many different aspects of group work such as different processes and skills required to run several different groups. The groups discussed were open-ended group, groups hosted in residential settings, single-session groups, and large activity groups. 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